The Theological Underpinnings of Communism: More Than Just Politics

In the ongoing discourse surrounding communism and Marxism, a crucial aspect often goes overlooked: these ideologies function less as mere political or economic theories and more as theological systems. As we navigate the increasingly tense landscape of modern political discourse, it’s imperative that Church pastors and leaders recognize the profound religious nature of communist and marxist ideology, particularly its relationship with atheism.

Communism isn’t simply a political and economic theory that happens to be associated with atheism. Rather, it is atheism applied and promoted through political, cultural, and economic systems. It is designed and intended to form — or, to use religious language, disciple — those under its influence, absolutely rejecting all other worldviews.

As James Lindsay, a political commentator and vocal critic of Marxism, astutely observes, “Communism isn't an economic theory. It is a Hermetic religion with a historicist teleology that creates a moral imperative and catechism that are functionally identical to those of any other faith tradition at the level of roles played in the life of the faithful.” 

This perspective isn’t entirely new. Decades ago, Whittaker Chambers, a former communist who became one of its most trenchant critics, described communism as “a fanatical religion that seeks to subvert or replace all other religions.” The warning signs have been there for a long time, but the church seems to continue to ignore the danger.

This realization presents a significant theological crisis, particularly for Christian leaders and pastors seeking to guide their flocks towards a more biblical approach to all spheres of life. As Josh Howerton aptly puts it, “Theology is not getting political; Politics is getting more theological.” This shift demands a reevaluation of how we approach political discourse from a faith perspective, and requires the courage and wisdom to set aside old false dichotomies of “gospel vs politics”.  To demand the church “focus on the gospel” and leave politics out of it is a lazy or fear-driven response that ignores the fact that the gospel is what is under attack. 

The challenge for religious leaders, especially within Christianity, is to recognize and address this ideological shift. We must engage with communism and marxism as a competing theological system that is antagonistic to Biblical truth and the core message of the gospel. 

In many ways, Marxism can be seen as a modern manifestation of ancient gnostic heresies. It promises a form of salvation through special knowledge (in this case, of historical, cultural and economic “laws” focused on oppressed vs oppressor), and it seeks to create a heaven on earth through human, government enforced effort alone.

Greg Foster draws a compelling parallel, noting that “Like fascism, communism is an eschatological theodicy built on, and therefore an idolatrous worship of, political movements.” This idolatry of the state and its promised utopia stands in direct opposition to traditional Biblical teachings about the nature of human beings, society and our relationship with God.

For people of faith, particularly Christians, understanding communism as a theological system is crucial. It allows us to see more clearly how it conflicts with core Biblical truths about the nature of humanity, the role of Jesus in providing salvation and the purpose of earthly institutions within His broader redemptive plan.

Religious leaders must rise to this challenge. They need to equip their congregations with the theological tools to understand and critique communist ideology. This isn’t about partisan politics; it’s about preserving the integrity of your congregation’s Biblical worldview in the face of a competing, all-encompassing worldview.

In 1 Samuel 8:7, Samuel warns Israel about the dangers of a powerful government, exemplified by a king. Communism is about giving the people no other option but an all powerful central government for practically every sphere in society.  Sadly, like in the time of Samuel, Christ followers seem more concerned with public perception, conforming to cultural norms and asking the Government what God asks of them in order to abdicate their own personal responsibility to obey God’s commandment. It makes them susceptible to the deceptive lies of marxist ideology. 

The role of government is always a theological issue. Will you trust in God or will you take matters into your own hands? Communism is ultimately a form of idolatry with profound consequences — and billions of victims. It is time for the Church to show up to the discussion, stand up for Biblical worldview and speak up about the eternal truths of the gospel that stand against this deadly and radical ideology.