Providence After the Death of God

Modern Christians confront a paradox that has shaped the last two centuries: The very idea that history possesses a divine meaning—once taken for granted in the Christian West—has been progressively dissolved by the same modernity that inherited it. Secularization has not simply weakened religious belief; it has undermined the confidence that time itself carries an intelligible direction. Can one still speak of providence in a world that has lost its sense of history?