Before most New Yorkers had ever heard the word "coronavirus," another public health scare dominated local news: the measles outbreak of 2019, which shared key parallels with the pandemic to come. In 2019, when the United States saw 1,282 reported measles cases -- the highest number since 1992 -- most them were concentrated in under-vaccinated Orthodox communities in New York City and its exurbs. Then as now, most Orthodox rabbis encouraged their congregants and followers to get vaccinated, while community leaders decried what they saw as an antisemitic focus on the idea of Jews spreading disease.