Reinhold Niebuhr visited Europe in 1947 and observed how Lutheran political theology had dramatically different impacts on Germany, which had just been deloused from Nazism, and reliably democratic Scandinavia:
No political position is so dogmantically held that party tension destroys the nation's sense of community. This is how nations should grow and adjust their political institutions to the new requirements of a technical age. The constitutional monarchy is the symbol of the national life and the will of the people in its continuity and its transcendence over fluctuations of party politics.
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