Antonia Frazer's new book The King and the Catholics brings to light a neglected topic in British history, the removal of legal restrictions on Catholics. Catholic emancipation was a critical moment along the path to religious freedomâ??—â??the theme of my book with Noel Johnson, Persecution and Toleration (see our new website for the book here).
Religious toleration is important to Britain's historical self-image as a bastion of liberty against continental tyrants like Hitler, Napoleon, and Louis XIV.
But for much of the 18th century, Catholics in Britain were barred from government service, the army and navy, the law, and the universities. Formally, they were not allowed to inherit land or even marry with Catholic rites (though in practice there were well-recognized workarounds). Catholic priests faced life imprisonment and Catholic schools were illegal. When these laws were liberalized in 1778, this provoked the worst riot in early modern British history, the Gordon Riots.
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