Modern survey research and demographic methods can take the once murky business of calculating the size, distribution, attitudes, behavior, and likely spread of the world's largest faiths to a degree of scientific accuracy inconceivable in the Victorian age. Two years ago, the Pew Research Center, with support from the John Templeton Foundation, not only estimated that there were 1.59 billion Muslims on the globe as of 2010, but also made front-page headlines on every continent when it projected that Islam would surpass Christianity to become the world's largest religion by about 2075.