In his controversial encyclical on climate change, Pope Francis delivered a scathing critique of environmental degradation and called for "an ecological conversion" among fellow Christians. A century earlier, however, another environmental debate prompted its own version of soul-searching among the faithful.
By the summer of 1915, a year into the cataclysm of the First World War, the combatant nations had settled into a deadlock of industrialized slaughter. Millions of soldiers already had perished in the trenches and barbed wire and mortar fire along the Western Front, with nothing to show for it.
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