As a bunch of gun-toting religious maniacs tear apart the Middle East, I've been thinking about this verse. It's from Edward FitzGerald's 19th-century translation of the 12th-century Persian poet-philosopher-mathematician Omar Khayyam's quatrain. There have been a few rather different translations, but they seem largely to address the same thing: being with the person you love, singing songs and drinking wine.
That's the image I tend to associate with an Islamic caliphate, although there is some argument over whether or not Khayyam was a religious Muslim: he is described as a Sufi, a member of a spiritual branch of Islam, but also as a hedonist and agnostic. But according to Remi Hauman, a Khayyam scholar, a version of that verse goes even further back, to an actual Umayyad caliph, Walîd Ibn Yazîd, who ruled briefly in AD 743 to 744:
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