Vigilant violence was endemic to 19th-century America — with Mormons on both ends of it.
Members of the new faith that emerged in upstate New York in 1830 saw their homes destroyed, their lands lost, their women brutalized and their prophet murdered, but they also perpetrated "inexcusable" attacks of their own — including the infamous Mountain Meadows Massacre — sometimes in retaliation and sometimes in the wake of fiery rhetoric from top LDS leaders.
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